Democracy Ratings
| Freedom House 2018 |
Score: 6.5 out of 7 (where lower scores are more democratic) |
Freedom Status: Not Free |
|---|---|---|
| EIU Democracy Index 2017 |
Score: 1.61 out of 10 (where higher scores are more democratic) |
World Ranking: 163 |
| Polity IV 2016 |
Score: 5 (from -10 to 10, where higher scores are more democratic) |
Category: Open Anocracy |
Political System
| System of Government | Semi-Presidential system |
|---|---|
| Presidential Electoral System | First past the post |
| Last Presidential Election | 2011 |
| Next Presidential Election | 2018 |
| Presidential Term Limits | Two, five-year terms |
| System of Appointment to Legislature |
Lower Chamber: 61 single-member constituencies and 439 elected through multi-member constituencies using open list proportional representation. Upper Chamber: Indirectly elected using proportional representation through provincial assemblies. |
| Last Legislative Election |
2011 |
| Next Legislative Election |
2018 |
| Number of Seats in Legislature | Lower Chamber: 500
Upper Chamber: 108 |
| Female quota, representation in lower house | Yes: Legislated candidate quotas |
Results
| Last presidential election (2011) | ||
| Candidate (Party) | Votes (%) | |
| 1st round | 2nd round Abolished in 2011 | |
| Joseph Kabila | 48.95% | |
| Étienne Tshisekedi | 32.33% | |
| Vital Kamerhe | 7.74% | |
| Léon Kengo | 4.95% | |
| Antipas Mbusa | 1.72% | |
| Nzanga Mobutu | 1.57% | |
| Jean Andeka | 0.71% | |
| Adam Bombolé | 0.70% | |
| François Nicéphore Kakese | 0.51% | |
| Josué Alex Mukendi | 0.43% | |
| Oscar Kashala | 0.40% | |
| Last legislative election (2011) | ||
| Party | Votes First round (%) | Seats |
| People’s Party for Reconstruction and Democracy (PPRD) | 62 | |
| Union for Democracy and Social Progress (UDPS) | 41 | |
| People’s Party for Peace and Democracy (PPPD) | 29 | |
| Social Movement for Renewal (MSR) | 27 | |
| Movement for the Liberation of Congo (MLC) | 22 | |
| Unified Lumumbist Party (PALU) | 19 | |
| Union for the Congolese Nation (UNC) | 17 | |
| Alliance for Renewal in Congo (ARC) | 16 | |
| Alliance of the Democratic Forces of Congo (AFDC) | 15 | |
| Rally for the Reconstruction of Congo (RRC) | 11 | |
| Awakening of Consciousness for Work and Development (ECT) | 11 | |
| Movement for the Integrity of the People (MIP) | 10 | |
| Christian Democratic Party (PDC) | 7 | |
| Union for the Development of the Comoros (UPDC) | 7 | |
| Congolese Rally for Democracy (RCD)- Kisangani-Liberation Movement (K-ML) | 6 | |
| National Union of Democratic Federalists (UNADEF) | 6 | |
| Union of Nationalist Federalists of Congo (UNAFEC) | 6 | |
| Other parties | 172 | |
| Independents | 16 |
What next for UK-Africa relations after Brexit?